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#memory management

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Why does X happen and how to fix it?

I'm getting a segmentation fault when I try to dereference a pointer after calling delete on it. Is that expected? How can I avoid this in practice?

Yes, that's expected??nd dangerous. Once you call `delete` on a pointer, the memory it pointed to is deallocated, but the pointer itself still holds the old (now invalid) address. Dereferencing it results in undefined behavior, commonly manifesting as a segmentation fault. To avoid this: 1. **Set the pointer to `nullptr` immediately after `delete`** ??dereferencing `nullptr` will crash predictably (often with a clear null-pointer exception in debug builds), making bugs easier to spot. 2. **Prefer smart pointers** like `std::unique_ptr` or `std::shared_ptr`, which automatically manage lifetime and prevent use-after-free by design. 3. **Use static analysis tools** (e.g., AddressSanitizer with `-fsanitize=address`) to catch these issues during testing. Also, avoid raw `new`/`delete` unless you have a specific low-level need??odern C++ strongly encourages RAII and smart pointers for safety and clarity.